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M.N. Clubwala v. Fida Hussain Saheb, 1964

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M.N. Clubwala v. Fida Hussain Saheb, (1964) 6 SCR 642, 651 This case interpretation/case summary is written by Ms. Swati Sharma a student at the Faculty of Law (Delhi University). If you also want to publish your articles or case interpretations/summaries, send your work to  niyamskanoon09@gmail.com . Case Details PETITIONER:  MRS. M. N. CLUBWALA AND ANR. Vs. RESPONDENT: FIDA HUSSAIN SAHEB AND ORS. DATE OF JUDGMENT: 03/02/1964 BENCH: MUDHOLKAR, J.R. SUBBARAO, K. CITATION: 1965 AIR 610 1964 SCR (6) 642 Introduction   The case of M.N. Clubwala v. Fida Hussain Saheb (1964) under the Delhi Rent Control Act is a landmark judgment that clarifies the distinction between a lease and a license and the jurisdiction of the Rent Controller. The primary issue in this case was whether the agreements between the landlord (M.N. Clubwala) and the shopkeepers (Fida Hussain Saheb) created a lease or a license.  Facts of the Case M.N. Clubwala (Landlord) used his building as market by
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State of Haryana v. Dinesh Kumar, 2008

 State of Haryana v. Dinesh Kumar, 2008

Introduction

Although, Chapter V of the CrPC, 1973 deals with the provisions for the "Arrest of Persons", the Code nowhere mentions any provision regarding what constitutes "arrest" or "custody". The Apex Court in this case (State of Haryana v. Dinesh Kumar, 2008) dealt with this issue and tried to give a definite shape as to what constitutes "arrest" and "custody".

Facts

These appeals were made by the State of Haryana and Lalit Kumar after the Punjab & Haryana High Court made two different views through different benches over a similar issue as to whether a voluntary appearance of the accused before a magistrate for bail and granted bail immediately do constitute arrest or not. 

The present appeals had been raised over two different cases. In both cases, the plaintiffs applied for appointment as constable drivers under the Haryana Police. A column asking whether the applicants (plaintiffs - Dinesh and Lalit and Bhupinder) have ever been arrested or convicted was answered in negative by both the plaintiffs. But during verification, it was revealed that earlier both the plaintiffs were charged for some offences under IPC but had been granted bail by voluntarily appearing before the magistrate and had been acquitted ultimately. Therefore the gov. of Haryana rejected their application stating that they are to be considered arrested. Hence the two cases filed by the plaintiffs against the State of Haryana.

Issue 

Whether the voluntary appearance made by the accused and his ultimate release without being taken into formal custody would constitute arrest or not?

Ratio Decidendi

1. S.46(1) CrPC provides for arrest to be made by actual touching or confining the body unless submitted to custody by word or action.

2. State of UP v. Deomen (1960)- Even those words of the accused which may be used as evidence against him can make him submit to custody. 

3. Meaning of arrest as per the Halsbury Laws of England
  1. Arrest means the deprivation of one's personal liberty. 
  2. It consists of taking anyone into custody of a person authorised by law to detain him to answer a criminal charge or to prevent the commission of an offence.
3. Niranjan Singh case 1980:- 
  1. Anyone who is under the control of the Court or is in the physical hold of an officer with coercive power will be considered to be in custody for the purpose of S.439 CrPC.
  2. Unless a person accused of an offence is in custody he cannot move the Court for bail under Section 439 of the Code.

Decision 

  1. The issue raised in the case was very complex and engaged for a long this Court and other High Courts, it would be unreasonable to expect a common man to construe its proper meaning.
  2. Although the decision of the High Court was right in the appeal of Lalit and Bhupinder (arising out of the 2nd case), this Court gave both candidates the benefit of a mistaken impression and applied the order of the High Court made in the 1st case registered by Dinesh Kumar.

 



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