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M.N. Clubwala v. Fida Hussain Saheb, 1964

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M.N. Clubwala v. Fida Hussain Saheb, (1964) 6 SCR 642, 651 This case interpretation/case summary is written by Ms. Swati Sharma a student at the Faculty of Law (Delhi University). If you also want to publish your articles or case interpretations/summaries, send your work to  niyamskanoon09@gmail.com . Case Details PETITIONER:  MRS. M. N. CLUBWALA AND ANR. Vs. RESPONDENT: FIDA HUSSAIN SAHEB AND ORS. DATE OF JUDGMENT: 03/02/1964 BENCH: MUDHOLKAR, J.R. SUBBARAO, K. CITATION: 1965 AIR 610 1964 SCR (6) 642 Introduction   The case of M.N. Clubwala v. Fida Hussain Saheb (1964) under the Delhi Rent Control Act is a landmark judgment that clarifies the distinction between a lease and a license and the jurisdiction of the Rent Controller. The primary issue in this case was whether the agreements between the landlord (M.N. Clubwala) and the shopkeepers (Fida Hussain Saheb) created a lease or a license.  Facts of the Case M.N. Clubwala (Landlord) used his building as market by
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Kalicharan Mahapatra v. State of Orissa AIR 1998 SC 2595; (1998) 6 SCC 411

 Kalicharan Mahapatra v. State of Orissa, AIR 1998 

Criminal Appeal No. 261 of 2022
(Arising out of SLP (Criminal) No. 7182 of 2019)


Facts

A case was registered against the appellant, an IPS officer, under various sections of the IPC and the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.
Later the appellant retired from the service but the investigation into the case continued. The chargesheet was filed after two years of his retirement. Therefore the appellant contended that a retired public servant isn't included in the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.

Issue

  1. Whether a retired public servant is included within the meaning of public servant under PCA and whether can he be prosecuted under S-19.PCA.

Contentions-

  1. Unlike section 197 of CrPC, S-2(c) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, defining public servant, does not include the words "any person who is or was... a public servant", thus a person who ceased to be a Public Servant does not come within the ambit of Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.
  2. S.19(1) provides for a previous sanction of the Central Government, State Government or any authority competent to remove the public servant before a Court could take cognizance of the offence. A person who ceased to be a PS cannot be removed from any office, hence he can't be prosecuted for any offence.

Ratio Decidendi 

  1. Provisions of Prevention of Corruption Act,1988 does not indicate that an offence committed under the Act would vanish from penal liability at the moment he demits his office as a Public Servant.
  2. It would lead to the absurd position that any Public Servant could commit the offences under the Act soon before retiring or that when a Public Servant is prosecuted he can ensure an escape by protracting the trial till the date of superannuation.
  3. S.19 is in para-material (of the same nature) as S.6 of the old Corruption Act of 1947.
  4. The sanction contemplated in S.197 of CrPC concerns a public servant who is accused of any offence alleged to have been committed by him while acting or purporting to act in the discharge of his official duties", whereas the offences contemplated in the PCA are those which can not be treated as acts either directly or even purportedly done in the discharge of his official duty.
  5. The Constitution Bench in K. Veeraswami v. Union of India, 1991 upheld the view that no sanction is required to prosecute a public servant after retirement.

Decisions

  1. Dismissed appeal
  2. A Public Servant who ceased to be in office is also liable for his criminal act committed under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. Public servants can be prosecuted after their retirement.
  3. If the accused ceases to be a public servant, there is no need to take previous sanction under section 19 of the Act. The Court can take cognizance of the offence without any such sanction.

Also Read:- Kanwarjit Singh Kakkar Case, 2011

Also Read:- K Santhamma v. State of Telangana

Relevant Questions

  1. Define 'Public Servant' and illegal gratification under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. (DU LLB 3rd Sem, 2017)
  1. Define the border of 'Public servant' and 'illegal gratification' with references to the law let down in Kali Charan Mahapatra v. State of Orissa, AIR 1998 SC 2595. (DU LLB 3rd Sem, 2018)
  1. A raid was conducted at the residence of a police officer on 12/05/1990 and good amount of cash and jewellery were recovered. The chargesheet under the Prevention of Corruption Act 1988 was submitted after the retirement of the acussed officer. Whether the sanction is required to prosecute the accused police officer. Discuss with the relevant provisions and supporting cases. (DU LLB 3rd Sem, 2019)


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